BATTLES & WAR SPECIAL - I
(1) Accidentally killing one’s own self in a Battle is Martyr
Bukhari
Volume 9, Book 87, Number 6891:
Narrated Salama:
We went out with the Prophet (s) to
Khaibar. A man (from the companions) said, "O 'Amir! Let us hear some of
your Huda (camel-driving songs.)" So he sang some of them (i.e. a lyric in
harmony with the camels walk). The Prophet (s) said, "Who is the driver (of
these camels)?" They said, "Amir." The Prophet (s) said,
"May Allah bestows His Mercy on him!" The people said, "O
Allah's Apostle (s)! Would that you let us enjoy his company longer!" Then
'Amir was killed the following morning. The people said, "The good deeds
of 'Amir is lost as he has killed himself." I returned at the time while
they were talking about that. I went to the Prophet (s) and said, "O
Allah's Prophet (s)! Let my father be sacrificed for you! The people claim that
'Amir's good deeds are lost." The Prophet (s) said, "Whoever says so
is a liar, for 'Amir will have a double reward as he exerted himself to obey
Allah and fought in Allah's Cause. No other way of killing would have granted
him greater reward."
Translator’s Note: The Prophet (s) anticipated 'Amir's martyrdom. Amir tried to hit a Jew with his sword, but the sword accidently turned towards himself and killed him, so he killed himself accidentally.
(2) Economic
blockade threat by Sad when Abu Jahal
stopped him from doing Tawaf
Bukhari
Volume 4, Book 61, Number 3632:
Narrated
'Abdullah bin Mas'ud:
Sa'd
bin Mu'adh came to Mecca with the intention of performing 'Umra, and stayed at
the house of Umaiya bin Khalaf Abi Safwan, for Umaiya himself used to stay at
Sa'd's house when he passed by Medina on his way to Sham. Umaiya said to Sad,
"Will you wait till midday when the people are (at their homes), then you
may go and perform the Tawaf round the Ka'ba?" So, while Sad was going
around the Ka'ba, Abu Jahl came and asked, "Who is that who is performing
Tawaf?" Sad replied, "I am Sad." Abu Jahl said, "Are you circumambulating the Ka'ba safely although you
have given refuge to Muhammad and his companions?" Sad said,
"Yes," and they started quarreling. Umaiya said to Sad, "Don't
shout at Abi-l-Hakam (i.e. Abu Jahl), for he is chief of the valley (of
Mecca)." Sad then said (to Abu Jahl). 'By Allah, if you prevent me from
performing the Tawaf of the Ka'ba, I will spoil your trade with Sham." Umaiya
kept on saying to Sad, "Don't raise your voice." and kept on taking
hold of him. Sad became furious and said, (to Umaiya), "Be away from me,
for I have heard Muhammad saying that he will kill you." Umaiiya said,
"Will he kill me?" Sad said, "Yes," Umaiya said, "By
Allah! When Muhammad says a thing, he never tells a lie." Umaiya went to
his wife and said to her, "Do you know what my brother from Yathrib (i.e.
Medina) has said to me?" She said, "What has he said?" He said,
"He claims that he has heard Muhammad claiming that he will kill me."
She
said, By Allah! Muhammad never tells a lie." So when the infidels started
to proceed for Badar (Battle) and declared war (against the Muslims), his wife
said to him, "Don't you remember what your brother from Yathrib told
you?" Umaiya decided not to go but Abu Jahal said to him, "You are
from the nobles of the valley of Mecca, so you should accompany us for a day or
two." He went with them and thus Allah got him killed.
Bukhari
Volume 5, Book 64, Number 3950:
Narrated
'Abdullah bin Mas'ud:
From
Sad bin Mu'adh: Sad bin Mu'adh was an intimate friend of Umaiya bin Khalaf and
whenever Umaiya passed through Medina, he used to stay with Sad, and whenever
Sad went to Mecca, he used to stay with Umaiya. When Allah's Apostle arrived at
Medina, Sa'd went to perform 'Umra and stayed at Umaiya's home in Mecca. He
said to Umaiya, "Tell me of a time when (the Mosque) is empty so that I
may be able to perform Tawaf around the Ka'ba." So Umaiya went with him
about midday. Abu Jahl met them and said, "O Abu Safwan! Who is this man
accompanying you?" He said, "He is Sad." Abu Jahl addressed Sad
saying, "I see you wandering about safely in Mecca inspite of the fact
that you have given shelter to the people who have changed their religion (i.e.
became Muslims) and have claimed that you will help them and support them. By
Allah, if you were not in the company of Abu Safwan, you would not be able to
go your family safely." Sad, raising his voice, said to him, "By
Allah, if you should stop me from doing this (i.e. performing Tawaf) I would
certainly prevent you from something which is more valuable for you, that is,
your passage through Medina." On this, Umaiya said to him, "O Sad do
not raise your voice before Abu-l-Hakam, the chief of the people of the Valley
(of Mecca)." Sad said, "O Umaiya, stop that! By Allah, I have heard
Allah's Apostle predicting that the Muslim will kill you." Umaiya asked,
"In Mecca?" Sad said, "I do not know." Umaiya was greatly
scared by that news.
When
Umaiya returned to his family, he said to his wife, "O’ Um Safwan! Don't
you know what Sad told me? "She said, "What has he told you?" He
replied, "He claims that Muhammad has informed them (i.e. companions that
they will kill me. I asked him, 'In Mecca?' He replied, 'I do not know."
Then Umaiya added, "By Allah, I will never go out of Mecca." But when
the day of (the Ghazwa of) Badr came, Abu Jahl called the people to war,
saying, "Go and protect your caravan." But Umaiya disliked going out
(of Mecca). Abu Jahl came to him and said, "O Abu Safwan! If the people
see you staying behind though you are the chief of the people of the Valley,
then they will remain behind with you." Abu Jahl kept on urging him to go
until he (i.e. Umaiya) said, "As you have forced me to change my mind, by Allah,
I will buy the best camel in Mecca. Then Umaiya said (to his wife). "O Um
Safwan, prepare what I need (for the journey)." She said to him, "O
Abu Safwan! Have you forgotten what your Yathribi brother told you?" He
said, "No, but I do not want to go with them but for a short
distance." So when Umaiya went out, he used to tie his camel wherever he
camped. He kept on doing that till Allah caused him to be killed at Badar.
(3) Expulsion of Jewish tribe Banu Nuzair
& Quniqa from Madina
Bukhari Volume 5, Book 64, Number
4028:
Narrated
Ibn Umar:
Bani
An-Nadir and Bani Quraiza fought (against the Prophet violating their peace
treaty), so the Prophet (s) exiled Bani An-Nadir and allowed Bani Quraiza to
remain at their places (in Medina) taking nothing from them till they fought
against the Prophet (s) again. He then killed their men and distributed their
women, children and property among the Muslims, but some of them came to the
Prophet (s) and he granted them safety, and they embraced Islam. He exiled all
the Jews from Medina. They were the Jews of Bani Qainuqa', the tribe of
'Abdullah bin Salam and the Jews of Bani Haritha and all the other Jews of
Medina.
(4) Jew tribe Banu Quraiza took decision in light of Torah from their ally
NOTE: Jew tribe Banu Quraiza took decision from their ally Sa’d who decided according to Torah on their act of treason during Battle of Trench
(168) CHAPTER: If the enemy is ready to accept the judgment of a Muslim (his judgment will be valid if the Imam agrees to it).
Bukhari
Volume 4, Book 56, Number 3043: [6262
Volume 8]
Narrated Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri:
When the tribe of Bani Quraiza was
ready to accept Sad's judgment, Allah's Apostle (s) sent for Sad who was near
to him. Sad came, riding a donkey and when he came near, Allah's Apostle (s)
said (to the Ansar), "Stand up for your leader." Then Sad came and
sat beside Allah's Apostle (s) who said to him. "These people are ready to
accept your judgment." Sad said, "I give the judgment that their
warriors should be killed and their children and women should be taken as
prisoners." The Prophet (s) then remarked, "O Sad! You have judged
amongst them with (or similar to) the judgment of the King Allah."
Bukhari
Volume 5, Book 63, Number 3804: [4121,
4122 death of Saad, 6262 Volume 8]
Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri:
Some people (i.e. the Jews of Bani
bin Quraiza) agreed to accept the verdict of Sad bin Muadh so the Prophet (s)
sent for him (i.e. Sad bin Muadh). He came riding a donkey, and when he
approached the Mosque, the Prophet (s) said, "Get up for the best amongst
you." or said, "Get up for your chief." Then the Prophet (s)
said, "O Sad! These people have agreed to accept your verdict." Sad
said, "I judge that their warriors should be killed and their children and
women should be taken as captives." The Prophet (s) said, "You have
given a judgment similar to Allah's Judgment (or the King's judgment)." [As the judgment was according to Torah]
(5) Ghazawat Battles in which Prophet (s) took part
(90) CHAPTER. How many Ghazawat the
Prophet fought.
Bukhari Volume 5, Book 64, Number
4471:
Narrated
Abu Ishaq:
I
asked Zaid bin Al-Arqam, "In how many Ghazawat did you take part in the
company of Allah's Apostle?" He replied, "Seventeen." I further
asked, "How many Ghazawat did the Prophet (s) fight?" He replied,
"Nineteen."
(6) Expedition to Syria under Ussma bin Zaid
Bukhari
Volume 8, Book 83, Number 6627:
Narrated Ibn 'Umar:
Allah's Apostle (s) sent an army
detachment and made Usama bin Zaid its commander, some people criticized (spoke
badly of) Usama's leadership. So Allah's Apostle (s) got up saying, "If
you people are criticizing Usama's leadership, you have already criticized the
leadership of his father before. But Wa-Aimullah (i.e., By Allah), he (i.e.
Zaid) deserved the leadership, and he was one of the most beloved persons to
me; and now this (his son Usama) is one of the dearest persons to me after him."
(See Hadith No. 4469, Volume 5)
(88) CHAPTER. The dispatch of Usama bin
Zaid by the Prophet (s) during his fatal illness.
Bukhari Volume 5, Book 64, Number
4468:
Narrated
Salim's father:
The
Prophet (s) appointed Usama as the commander of the troops (to be sent to
Syria). The Muslims spoke about Usama (unfavorably). The Prophet (s) said,
"I have been informed that you spoke about Usama. (Let it be known that)
he is the most beloved of all people to me."
Bukhari Volume 5, Book 64, Number 4469:
Narrated
Abdullah bin 'Umar:
Allah's
Apostle (s) sent troops appointed Usama bin Zaid as their commander. The
people criticized his leadership. Allah's Apostle (s) got up and said, "If
you (people) are criticizing his (i.e. Usama's) leadership you used to criticize
the leadership of his father before. By Allah, he (i.e. Zaid) deserved the
leadership indeed, and he used to be one of the most beloved persons to me, and
now this (i.e. his son, Usama) is one of the most beloved persons to me after
him."
(7) Ali taking advantage of Khums (booty)
Matter of a slave girl
Bukhari Volume 5, Book 64, Number
4350:
Narrated
Buraida:
The
Prophet (s) sent 'Ali to in place of Khalid to bring the Khums (of the booty from Yemen) and I hated Ali, and
'Ali had taken a bath (after a sexual act with a slave-girl from the Khumus). I
said to Khalid, "Don't you see this (i.e. Ali)?" When we reached the
Prophet (s) I mentioned that to him. He said, "O Buraida! Do you hate
Ali?" I said, "Yes." He said, "Do you hate him, for he
deserves more than that from the Khumus.”
Translator’s
Note: Buraida hated 'Ali because he had taken a slave-girl from the booty and
considered that as something hateful.
Note: Ayah about Khums clearly lay down that relatives of Prophet (s) have more right to such assets; Buraida not clear about the rules regarding the distribution of “khums” seems a more likely reason for hating Ali.
Quran
on the topic
“Whatever Allah restored to His
Messenger from the people of the settlements, belongs to Allah and the
Messenger and the kinsfolk and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarers, 13 so
that it does not remain circulating among your rich people only. 14
Take whatever the Messenger gives
you and refrain from whatever he forbids you. Fear Allah, for Allah is stern in
inflicting punishment. 15” (59:7)
(8)
Mu'tah Battle Prophet (s) foretold
companions
Zaid, Jaffar and Abdullah bin Rawaha martyred in
Battle of Mu’tah
Bukhari
Volume 2, Book 23, Number1246: [3757]
Narrated
Anas bin Malik:
The
Prophet (s) said, "Zaid took over the flag and was martyred. Then it was
taken by Jafar who was martyred as well. Then 'Abdullah bin Rawaha took the
flag but he too was martyred and at that time the eyes of Allah's Apostle were full of tears. Then Khalid bin
Al-Walid took the flag without being nominated as a chief (beforehand) and was
blessed with victory."
Bukhari Volume 4, Book 56, Number
3063:
Narrated
Anas bin Malik:
Allah's
Apostle delivered a sermon and said, "Zaid
received the flag and was martyred, then Ja'far took it and was martyred, then
'Abdullah bin Rawaha took it and was martyred, and then Khalid bin Al-Walid
took it without being appointed, and Allah gave him victory." The
Prophet added, "I am not pleased (or they will not be pleased) that they
should remain (alive) with us," while his eyes were shedding tears.
Bukhari Volume 4, Book 61, Number 3630:
Narrated
Anas bin Malik:
The Prophet had informed us of the death of Ja'far and Zaid before
the news of their death reached us, and his eyes were shedding tears.
Bukhari Volume 4, Book 56, Number 2798:
Narrated
Anas bin Malik:
The
Prophet delivered a sermon and said, "Zaid took the flag and was martyred,
and then Ja'far took the flag and was martyred, and then 'Abdullah bin Rawaha
took the flag and was martyred too, and then Khalid bin Al-Walid took the flag
though he was not appointed as a commander and Allah made him victorious."
The Prophet further added, "It would not please us to have them with
us." Aiyub, a sub-narrator, added, "Or the Prophet, shedding tears,
said, 'It would not p ease them to be with us."
Translator’s
Note; The Prophet (s) meant that those martyrs were in a better place than this
world. He (i.e. the Prophet (s) shed tears while mentioning them, because he
pitied their families who would grieve for their loss not knowing that they had
moved to a better place.
Bukhari
Volume 5, Book 64, Number 4261:
Narrated
Nafi:
Ibn
'Umar informed me that on the day (of Mu'tah) he stood beside Ja'far who was
dead (i.e. killed in the battle), and he counted fifty wounds in his body,
caused by stabs or strokes, and none of those wounds was in his back.
'Abdullah
bin 'Umar said, "Allah's Apostle (s) appointed Zaid bin Haritha as the
commander of the army during the Ghazwa of Mu'tah and said, "If Zaid is
martyred, Ja'far should take over his position, and if Ja'far is martyred,
'Abdullah bin Rawaha should take over his position.' " 'Abdulla-h bin
'Umar further said, "I was present amongst them in that battle and we
searched for Ja'far bin Abi Talib and found his body amongst the bodies of the
martyred ones, and found over ninety wounds over his body, caused by stabs or
shots (of arrows).
Bukhari
Volume 5, Book 64, Number 4262:
Narrated
Anas:
The
Prophet (s) had informed the people of the
martyrdom of Zaid, Ja'far and Ibn Rawaha before the news of their death
reached. The Prophet (s) said, "Zaid took the flag (as
the commander of the army) and was martyred, then Ja'far took it and was
martyred, and then Ibn Rawaha took it and was martyred." At that time the
Prophet's eyes were shedding tears. He added, "Then the flag was taken by
a Sword amongst the Swords of Allah (i.e. Khalid) and Allah made them (i.e. the
Muslims) victorious."
Bukhari
Volume 5, Book 64, Number 4263:
Narrated
'Amra:
I
heard 'Aisha saying, "When the news of the martyrdom of Ibn Haritha,
Ja'far bin Abi Talib and 'Abdullah bin Rawaka reached, Allah's Apostle (s) sat with sorrow explicit on his
face." 'Aisha added, "I was then peeping through a chink in the door.
A man came to him and said, "O Allah's Apostle! The
women of Ja'far are crying.' Thereupon the Prophet (s) told him to forbid them to do so. So the man went away and returned
saying, "I forbade them but they did not listen to me." The Prophet (s) ordered him again to go (and forbid them). He went again and came
saying, 'By Allah, they overpowered me (i.e. did not listen to me)."
'Aisha said that Allah's Apostle said (to him), "Go and throw dust into
their mouths." Aisha
added, "I said, May Allah put your nose in the dust! By Allah, neither
have you done what you have been ordered, nor have you relieved Allah's Apostle
(s) from trouble."
Bukhari
Volume 5, Book 64, Number 4264:
Narrated
'Amir:
Whenever
Ibn 'Umar greeted the son of Ja'far, he used to say (to him), "Assalam
'Alaika (i.e. peace be on you) O the son of two-winged person."
Bukhari
Volume 5, Book 64, Number 4265:
Narrated
Khalid bin Al-Walid:
On
the day (of the battle of) Mu'tah, nine swords were broken in my hand, and
nothing was left in my hand except a Yemenite sword of mine.
Bukhari
Volume 5, Book 64, Number 4266:
Narrated Khalid bin
Al-Walid:
On the day of Mut'ah, nine
swords were broken in my hand and only a Yemenite sword of mine remained in my
hand.
(9) Ta’if taking decision
& teaching
in a subtle manner
Bukhari Volume 8, Book 78, Number
6086: [7480
Volume 9]
Narrated
'Abdullah bin 'Umar:
When
Allah Apostle (s) was in Ta'if (trying to conquer it), he said to his
companions, "Tomorrow we will return (to Medina), if Allah wills." Some of the companions of Allah's Apostle (s) said, "We
will not leave till we conquer it." The Prophet (s) said, "Therefore,
be ready to fight tomorrow." On the following day, they (Muslims) fought
fiercely (with the people of Ta'if) and suffered many wounds. Then
Allah's Apostle (s) said, "Tomorrow we will return
(to Medina), if Allah wills." His companions kept quiet this time. Allah's
Apostle (s) then smiled.
(10) Value of fighting “Qital” in cause of Allah
(16) CHAPTER. (The superiority of
him) whose feet get covered with dust in Allah's Cause;
And the Statement of Allah; "It was not becoming of the people of Al-Madina and the Bedouins of the neighborhood to remain behind Allah's Messenger (Muhammad when fighting in Allah's Cause)... (Up to)... Surely Allah wastes not the reward of A1-Muhsinun (the doers of good)” (9:120).
Bukhari
Volume 4, Book 56, Number 2811:
Narrated Abu
'Abs, and he is 'Abdur-Rahmãn bin Jabr:
Allah's Messenger (s) said, "Anyone whose both feet get covered with dust in Allah's Cause will not be touched by the (Hell) fire."
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