BATTLES HUNAIN

 

HUNAIN

(1) Hunain Abu Sufyan body guard of Prophet (s)

Battle of Hunain when Muslim Army was ambushed and panic arose; Abu Sufyan was holding the reins of Prophet’s mule

Bukhari Volume 4, Book 56, Number 2864: [4315]

Narrated Abu Ishaq:

Somebody asked Al-Bar-a bin 'Azib, "Did you flee deserting Allah's Apostle (s) during the battle of Hunain?" Al-Bara replied, "But Allah's Apostle (s) did not flee. The people of the Tribe of Hawazin were good archers. When we met them, we attacked them, and they fled. When the Muslims started collecting the war booty, the pagans faced us with arrows, but Allah's Apostle (s) did not flee. No doubt, I saw him on his white mule and Abu Sufyan was holding its reins and the Prophet was saying, 'I am the Prophet in truth: I am the son of 'Abdul Muttalib.' "

Bukhari Volume 4, Book 56, Number 2874:

Narrated Al-Bara:

That a man asked him. "O Abu 'Umara! Did you flee on the day (of the battle) of Hunain?" He replied, "No, by Allah, the Prophet (s) did not flee but the hasty people fled and the people of the Tribe of Hawazin attacked them with arrows, while the Prophet (s)was riding his white mule and Abu Sufyan bin Al-Harith was holding its reins, and the Prophet was saying, 'I am the Prophet (s) in truth, I am the son of 'Abdul Muttalib.'

Bukhari Volume 4, Book 56, Number 2930:

Narrated Abu Ishaq:

A man asked Al-Bara', "O Abu 'Umara! Did you all flee on the day (of the battle) of Hunain?" He replied, "No, by Allah! Allah's Apostle (s)did not flee, but his young unarmed companions passed by the archers of the tribe of Hawazin and Bani Nasr whose arrows hardly missed a target, and they threw arrows at them hardly missing a shot. So the Muslims retreated towards the Prophet (s) while he was riding his white mule which was being led by his cousin Abu Sufyan bin Al-Harith bin 'Abdul Muttalib. The Prophet (s) dismounted and invoked Allah for victory; then he said, 'I am the Prophet (s), without a lie; I am the son of 'Abdul Muttalib, and then he arranged his companions in rows."

(2) Justice Spoils of Battle

Bukhari Volume 5, Book 64, Number 4321:

Narrated Abu Qatada:

We set out along with the Prophet (s) during the year of (the battle of) Hunain, and when we faced the enemy, the Muslims (with the exception of the Prophet (s) and some of his companions) retreated (before the enemy). I saw one of the pagans over-powering one of the Muslims, so I struck the pagan from behind his neck causing his armor to be cut off. The pagan headed towards me and pressed me so forcibly that I felt as if I was dying. Then death took him over and he released me. Afterwards I followed 'Umar and said to him, "What is wrong with the people?" He said, "It is the Order of Allah." Then the Muslims returned (to the battle after the flight)

Bukhari Volume 9, Book 93, Number 7170:

Narrated Abu Qatãda:

Allah's Messenger (s) said on the Day of (the battle of) Hunain, (after overcoming the enemy) "Whoever had killed an Infidel and has an evidence to this issue, will have the Salb (i.e. the belonging of the deceased e.g. clothes, arms, horse, etc.)." I (stood up) and said, "Who will be my witness?" and then sat down. Then the Prophet (s) repeated his question. Then the Prophet (s)  said the same (for the third time). I got up and said, "Who will be my witness?" and then sat down. The Prophet (s) asked his former question again. So I got up. The Prophet (s) said, what is the matter, O Abu Qatada?" So I narrated the whole story; a man said, "Abu Qatada has spoken the truth, and the Salb of the deceased is with me, so please compensate Abu Qatada on my behalf." Abu Bakr said, "No! By Allah, it will never happen that the Prophet (s) will leave a Lion of Allah who fights for the Sake of Allah and His Apostle and give his spoils to you." The Prophet (s) said, "Abu Bakr has spoken the truth. Give it (the spoils) back to him (O man)!" So he gave it to me and I bought a garden in (the land of) Banu Salama with it (i.e. the spoils) and that was the first property I got after embracing Islam.    

(3) Compassion with Captives

Bukhari Volume 3, Book 40, Number 2307-2308: [4318-4219]

Narrated Marwan bin Al-Hakam and Al-Miswar bin Makhrama:

When the delegates of the tribe of Hawazin after embracing Islam, came to Allah's Apostle (s), he got up. They appealed to him to return their properties and their captives. Allah's Apostle (s) said to them, "The most beloved statement to me is the true one. So, you have the option of restoring your properties or your captives, for I have delayed distributing them." The narrator added, Allah's Apostle (s) had been waiting for them for more than ten days on his return from Taif. When they realized that Allah's Apostle (s) would return to them only one of two things, they said, "We choose our captives." So, Allah's Apostle (s) got up in the gathering of the Muslims, praised Allah as He deserved, and said, "Then after! These brethren of yours have come to you with repentance and I see it proper to return their captives to them. So, whoever amongst you likes to do that as a favor, then he can do it, and whoever of you wants to stick to his share till we pay him from the very first booty which Allah will give us then he can do so." The people replied, "We agree to give up our shares willingly as a favor for Allah's Apostle." Then Allah's Apostle said, "We don't know who amongst you has agreed and who hasn't. Go back and your chiefs may tell us your opinion." So, all of them returned and their chiefs discussed the matter with them and then they (i.e. their chiefs) came to Allah's Apostle (s) to tell him that they (i.e. the people) had given up their shares gladly and willingly.

(26) CHAPTER. The 'Urafa, (Note 1) appointed to look after the people's affairs

Bukhari Volume 9, Book 93, Number 7176-7177:

Narrated 'Urwa bin Az-Zubair:

Marwan bin Al-Hakam and Al-Miswar bin Makhrama told him that when the Muslims were permitted to set free the captives of Hawazin, Allah's Apostle (s) said, "I do not know who amongst you has agreed (to it) and who has not. Go back so that your 'Urafa' may submit your decision to us." So the people returned and their 'Urafa' talked to them and then came back to Allah's Apostle (s) and told him that the people had given their consent happily and permitted (their captives to be freed).

Translator’s Note: 'Urafa' is the plural of 'Arif, the title of a person who is appointed to head a group of people to find out their problems and needs and inform his seniors about it. It is a rank below Amir.

 

NOTE: dealing compassionately with Hawazin has another reason Bibi Halima Prophet’s wet nurse belonged to this tribe.  

(4) Halima wet nurse of Prophet (s) kind                                     treatment her tribe

(15) CHAPTER. The proof that the Khumus is to be used for the needs of the Muslims, is that when the people of the tribe of Hawazin appealed to the Prophet (to give them back what he had gained from them as war booty) mentioning the fact that he had been nursed by one of their women (Halima), he (s) asked the Muslims to give up their shares of the booty to them. (The second proof is) that the Prophet used to promise the people to give them from the Fai' (i.e., booty gained without fight) and from the Khumus (i.e. one-fifth of war booty) as extra rewards. (Another proof is) what the Prophet gave the Ansar and what he gave to Jabir bin 'Abdullãh from the dates of Khaibar.

Bukhari Volume 4, Book 57, Number 3131-3132:

Narrated Marwan bin Al-Hakim and Miswar bin Makhrama:

When the Hawazin delegation came to Allah's Apostle (s) after they had embraced Islam and requested him to return their properties and war prisoners to them, Allah's Apostle said, "To me the best talk is the truest, so you may choose either of two things; the war prisoners or the wealth, for I have delayed their distribution." Allah's Apostle (s) had waited for them for over ten days when he returned from Ta'if. So, when those people came to know that Allah's Apostle (s)  was not going to return to them except one of the two things they said, "We choose our war Prisoners 'Allah's Apostle (s) stood up amongst the Muslims, and after glorifying Allah as He deserved, he said, "Now then, these brothers of yours have come to us with repentance, and I see it logical that I should return their captives to them, so whoever of you likes to do that as a favor then he can do it, and whoever amongst you likes to stick to his share, let him give up his prisoners and we will compensate him from the very first Fai' (i.e. war booty received without fight) which Allah will give us." On that, all the people said. 'O Allah's Apostles we have agreed willingly to do so (return the captives)" Then Allah's Apostle said to them "I do not know who amongst you has agreed to this and who has not. You should return and let your leaders inform me of your agreement." The people returned and their leaders spoke to them, and then came to Allah's Apostle and said, "All the people have agreed willingly to do so and have given the permission to return the war prisoners (without Compensation)" (Az-Zuhri, the sub-narrator states) this is what has been related to us about the captives of Hawazin.