MONEY MATTERS - BUSINESS DEALS

 BUSINESS DEALS

Note: Islam is a complete way of life covering all aspects as such instructions regarding business deals which can easily damage & hurt the Rights of Fellow Beings are dully emphasized & covered in Quran in the longest Ayah, appended below. Prophet (s) reminds this reality in most eloquent words; “Al-Deen Kullo Muamilat” Religion is but Mutual Affairs between people.

“O Believers, when you contract a debt for a fixed; ³²⁵ term, you should put it in writing. ³²⁶ Let a scribe write with equity the document for the parties. The scribe whom Allah has given the gift of literacy should not refuse to write. Let him write and let the one under obligation (the debtor) dictate, and he should fear Allah, his Lord, and should not diminish from or add anything to the terms which have been settled. But if the borrower be of low understanding or weak or unable to dictate (for any reason), then let the guardian of his interests dictate it with equity. And let two men from among you ³²⁷ bear witness to all such documents. But if two men be not available, there should be one man and two women to bear witness so that if one of the women forgets (anything), the other may remind her. The witnesses should be from among such people whom you approve of as witnesses. ³²⁸ When the witnesses are asked to testify, they should not refuse to do so. Do not neglect to reduce to writing your transaction for a specified term, whether it be big or small. Allah considers this more just for you, for it facilitates the establishment of evidence and lessens doubts and suspicions. Of course, there is no harm if you do not put in writing the common transactions you conclude daily on the spot, ³²⁹ but in case of commercial transactions you should have witnesses. The scribe and the witnesses should not be harassed: ³³⁰ if you do so, you shall be guilty of sin. You should guard against the wrath of Allah; He gives you the knowledge of the right way for Allah has the knowledge of everything.”  

(1) Brokers exploiting ignorance of buyer
disallowed in business

Bukhari Volume 3, Book 37, Number 2274:

Narrated Tawus:

Ibn 'Abbas said, "The Prophet (s) forbade the meeting of caravans (on the way) and ordained that no townsman is permitted to sell things on behalf of a bedouin." I asked Ibn 'Abbas, "What is the meaning of his saying, 'No townsman is permitted to sell things on behalf of a bedouin.' “He replied, "He should not work as a broker for him."

Note: Objective is not to exploit some trader’s lack of knowledge about market value of his products etc. 

(2) Business deals swearing is purchasing small gain,
no portion Hereafter 3:77

Bukhari Volume 3, Book 34, Number 2088:

Narrated 'Abdullah bin Abu Aufa:

A man displayed some goods in the market and swore by Allah that he had been offered so much for that, that which was not offered, and he said so, so as to cheat a Muslim. On that occasion the following Verse was revealed:

"Verily”! Those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths (They shall have no portion in the Hereafter etc.)' (3:77)

“As for those who barter away their Covenant with Allah and their own oaths for a paltry profit; they shall have no share in the Hereafter; Allah will not speak to them nor even look at them nor cleanse them of sins on the Day of Resurrection. ⁶⁵ There is, on the other hand, a painful punishment in store for them.” (3:77)

(3) Business with Mushrik enemy

(99) CHAPTER. Buying and selling with Mushikun (pagans) and with the enemy at war.

Bukhari Volume 3, Book 34, Number 2216:

Narrated 'Abdur-Rahman bin Abu Bakr:

We were with the Prophet (s) when a tall pagan with long matted unkempt hair came driving his sheep. The Prophet (s) asked him, "Are those sheep for sale or for gifts?" The pagan replied, "They are for sale." The Prophet (s) bought one sheep from him.

(4) Buying selling Avoid making Easy money
Special Precautions

Bukhari Volume 8, Book 86, Number 6852:

Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar:

Those people who used to buy foodstuff at random (without weighing or measuring it) were beaten in the lifetime of Allah's Apostle (s) if they sold it at the very place where they had bought it, till they carried it to their dwelling places.

NOTE: Making money without putting in the hard work is discouraged because this trend has many drawbacks, especially in the long run. Such practice results in rat race for money which would mostly be spent without due consideration resulting in downfall of morals as a whole. Following Ayahs of Surah Tukasar are worth pondering here.  

“Your craze for more and more and mutual rivalry for worldly gains has made you heedless, ¹ until you reach the graves. ² By no means! Soon you shall know! ³ Again (note it well) by no means! Soon you shall know. Nay! Had you known with certainty of knowledge (the end of this way of life you would never have acted thus). You shall certainly see Hell. Again (note it well that) you shall most certainly see it. Then, on that Day, you shall certainly be called to account for the blessings and comforts of life. ⁴” (Surah Tukasar)

(5) Joint properties & Haq Shufa
Pre-emption

(8) CHAPTER. Sharing land, etc.

Bukhari Volume 3, Book 47, Number 2495:

Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah:

The Prophet (s) established the right of Shu'fa (i.e. Pre-emption) in joint properties; but when the land is divided and the ways are demarcated, then there is no pre-emption.   

(9) CHAPTER. If partners divide the houses, etc. none of them has the right of backing out or the right of pre-emption.

Bukhari Volume 3, Book 47, Number 2496:

Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah:

The Prophet (s) said, "The right of pre-emption is valid in every joint property, but when the land is divided and the way is demarcated, then there is no right of pre-emption."

(6) Payment for medical treatment
such as getting cupped

Bukhari Volume 3, Book 37, Number 2279:

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:

When the Prophet (s) was cupped, he paid the man who cupped him his wages. If it had been undesirable he would not have paid him.

(7) Playing tricks to fool the buyer – alluring to get high price

Bukhari Volume 9, Book 90, Number 6963:

Narrated Ibn 'Umar:

Allah's Apostle (s) forbade the practice of An-Najsh.

Translator’s Note: At-Tanajush or Najsh means the trick of offering a very high price for a thing to allure somebody else to buy it although it is not worth such a high price.

Bukhari Volume 8, Book 78, Number 6066:

Narrated Abu Huraira:

Allah's Apostle (s) said, "Beware of suspicion, for suspicion is the worst of false tales. and do not look for the others' faults, and do not do spying on one another, and do not practice Najsh, (Note) and do not be jealous of one another and do not hate one another, and do not desert (stop talking to) one another. And O, Allah's worshipers! Be brothers!"  

Translator’s Note: Najsh means to offer a high price for something in order to allure another customer who is interested in same thing.

Bukhari Volume 3, Book 34, Number 2140:

Narrated Abu Huraira:

Allah's Apostle (s) forbade the selling of things by a town dweller on behalf of a desert dweller; and similarly Najsh was forbidden. And one should not urge somebody to return the goods to the seller so as to sell him his own goods; nor should one demand the hand of a girl who has already been engaged to someone else; and a woman should not try to cause some other woman to be divorced in order to take her place.  

Translator’s Note: “Najsh” means to offer a high price for something without having the intention to buy it but just to cheat somebody else who really wants to buy it. Such a person may agree with the seller to offer high prices before the buyers to cheat them, in which case both this man and the seller are sinful. The seller may falsely tell the buyer that he (i.e. the seller) has previously bought the goods at a certain price which is in reality higher than the actual price.

 (8) Usury different types 

(26) CHAPTER. "Allah will destroy Riba (usury) and will give increase for Sadaqat (deeds of charity, alms). And Allah likes not the disbelievers, sinners!" (2:276)

Bukhari Volume 3, Book 34, Number 2087:

Narrated Abu Hurairah;

I heard Allah's Messenger (s) saying, "The swearing (by the seller) may persuade the buyer to purchase the goods but that will be deprived of Allah's Blessing."

Translator’s Note: Hadis confirms the fact that what you earn illegally, decreases ultimately, for it will be deprived of Allah's Blessing and it will result in bringing about punishment in the Hereafter; while what you give in charity will be compensated for by the Blessing of Allah many times, and you will be rewarded for it in the Hereafter as well.

BELIEVER'S SIGNS - NEVER COMPLACENT

 BELIEVER NEVER COMPLACENT OF PIETY & RIGHTEOUSNESS

 

(1) Believer always cautious good deeds may not be annulled

(36) CHAPTER. (What is said regarding) the fear of a believer that his good deeds may be annulled (lost) without his knowledge.

And Ibrahim At-Taimi said, "When I compare my talks with my deeds (then I find that my deeds are deficient compared with my talks), I am afraid, my deeds deny what I talk." And Ibn Abi Mulaika said, "I met thirty Companions of the Prophet and each of them was afraid of becoming a hypocrite and none of them said that he was as strong in belief as the angel Jibril (Gabriel) or Mikael (Michael)." And Al-Hasan (Al-Basri) said, "It is only a faithful believer who dreads hypocrisy and only a hypocrite who considers himself safe (is not afraid of hypocrisy)

And one should be afraid, not to persist in hypocrisy and disobedience of Allah (by committing sins) without repenting to Allah immediately, as is referred to in the Statement of Allah;

"And (they) do not persist in what (wrong) they have done, while they know." (3:135).

Bukhari Volume 1, Book 2, Number 48:

Narrated 'Abdullah (bin Mas'ud)

The Prophet (s) said, "Abusing a Muslim is Fusuq (an evil doing) and killing him is Kufr (disbelief)

Note 1: it is worthwhile to quote a well-known Hadis from Sahih Muslim to highlight this fear arising even in the heart of venerated Companions like Abu Bakar and Hanzalah and how Prophet (s) satisfied them. 

Faith increases as well decreases

Hanzalah Al-Usayyidi who was one of the scribes of Messenger of Allah (s), reported: I met Abu Bakar he said: “How are you O’ Hanzalah?” I said, “Hanzalah has become a hypocrite”. He said, “Far removed is Allah from every imperfection, what are you saying?” I said, “When we are in the company of Messenger of Allah (s) and he reminds us of Hell-fire and Paradise, we feel as if we are seeing them with our very eyes, and when we are away from Messenger of Allah (s), we attend to our wives, our children, our business, most of these things (pertaining to life hereafter) slip out of our minds.” Abu Bakr said, “By Allah, I also experience the same thing”. So Abu Bakar and I went to Messenger of Allah (s) and I said to him, “O Messenger of Allah (s), Hanzalah has turned hypocrite.” Thereupon Messenger of Allah (s) said, “What has happened to you?” I said, “O Messenger of Allah, when we are in your company, and are reminded of Hell-fire and Paradise, we feel as if we are seeing them with our own eyes, but when we go away from you and attend to our wives, children and business, much of these things go out of our minds.” Thereupon Messenger of Allah (s) said, “By Him in Whose Hand is my life if your state of mind remains the same as it is in my presence and you are always busy in remembrance (of Allah), the angels will shake hands with you in your beds and on the roads; but Hanzalah, time should be devoted (to the worldly affairs) and time should be devoted (to prayer)”. He (the Prophet (s) said this thrice. (Sahi Muslim)

Another translation of this hadith is similar but finishes like this: But Hanzala! One hour for the Hereafter, and one hour for the things of this world, and Prophet (s) repeated this three times.

Commentary: This Hadith also tells us about the self-control, continence and level of piety of the Companions of the Prophet (s) with reference to the natural instinct of man to think differently in different situations. This condition has nothing to do with Nifaq (hypocrisy). Islam is the Deen of Fitrah (pure nature) and takes the middle course in every matte and combines the benefits of this world and those of the Hereafter. It also satisfies the needs of the body as well as that of the soul.

Riyaaduss Saliheen: The Meadows of the Righteous (By Imam An Nawawi)

http://2muslims.com/books/2discoverislam_com_riyad_us_saliheen.pdf

Note 2: another Hadis is also worth quoting here highlighting same topic: 

“A man came to the Prophet (s), sallallahu 'alayhi wasallam, and said: “O Messenger of Allah (s), direct me to an act which if I do it, [will cause] Allah to love me and people to love me.” He, sallallahu 'alayhi wasallam, answered: “Be indifferent (practice Zuhad) to the world and Allah will love you; be indifferent (practice Zuhad) to what people possess and they will love you.”

(Related by Ibn Majah and others, with good chains of authorities.)

Note 3: Following Quranic Ayah will help the reader feeling confidence in his Lord Allah.

 “(O Prophet,) say, "O My servants, ⁷⁰ who have wronged their own souls: Do not despair of Allah's mercy: surely Allah forgives all sins: He is the All-Forgiving, the All-Merciful. ⁷¹ Return to your Lord and submit to Him before the scourge overtakes you, and then you may get no help from anywhere. And follow the best aspect ⁷² of the Book sent down by your Lord, before the scourge comes down upon you suddenly while you are unaware.” (53:53-55)

 (2) Faithful believer dreads hypocrisy & only hypocrite 
considers himself safe 

(36) CHAPTER. (What is said regarding) the fear of a believer that his good deeds may be annulled (lost) without his knowledge.

And Ibrahim At-Taimi said, "When I compare my talks with my deeds (then I find that my deeds are deficient compared with my talks), I am afraid, my deeds deny what I talk." And Ibn Abi Mulaika said, "I met thirty Companions of the Prophet (s) and each of them was afraid of becoming a hypocrite and none of them said that he was as strong in belief as the angel Jibril (Gabriel) or Mikael (Michael)." And Al-Hasan (Al-Basri) said, "It is only a faithful believer who dreads hypocrisy and only a hypocrite who considers himself safe (is not afraid of hypocrisy) And one should be afraid, not to persist in hypocrisy and disobedience of Allah (by committing sins) without repenting to Allah immediately, as is referred to in the Statement of Allah; "And (they) do not persist in what (wrong) they have done, while they know." (3:135).

Bukhari Volume 1, Book 2, Number 48:

Narrated 'Abdullah (bin Mas'ud) The Prophet (s) said, "Abusing a Muslim is Fusuq (an evil doing) and killing him is Kufr (disbelief)

(3) Not believer at the time when committing sin

(6) CHAPTER. The thief while stealing.

Bukhari Volume 8, Book 86, Number 6782:

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas:

The Prophet (s) said, "When (a person) an adulterer commits illegal sexual intercourse, then he is not a believer at the time he is doing it; and when somebody steals, then he is not a believer at the time he is stealing."

BELIEVER'S SIGNS - SEEKS GOOD

 SEEK GOOD TO BE GOOD

(1) One righteous group of believers will always be there amongst “Ummah” Muslim Nation

Bukhari Volume 4, Book 61, Number 3641:

Narrated Muawiya:

I heard the Prophet (s) saying, "A group of people amongst my followers will remain obedient to Allah's orders and they will not be harmed by anyone who will not help them or who will oppose them, till Allah's Order (the Last Day) comes upon them while they are still on the right path."

NOTE 1: This is staunch conviction of a believer that any news khabarin (some information) given by the Prophet (s) CANNOT be false hence quest for such group of righteous people must always be the aim of us all as Muslims. This quest resulted into distinctive group of devout Muslims in early period of Islam, referred as Sufi saints, however one may not be able to find and identify such group in today’s world, especially if one is adopting the age old techniques in vogue in past Sufi circles but this should not result into frustration, altogether losing confidence in Hadis literature, as is happening with most of us today. This is the time we need to revisit Hadis corpus with full confidence, sincerity and requisite zeal. Here we need to remind ourselves that like Quran “Youfasilo Bada’a hu Ba’ada,” one part explains the other; same way we can better understand such Ahadis applying this principle instead of pondering over a Hadis in isolation, which can be misleading at times.  

Reading following Ahadis will greatly clarify our understanding of the true behest of the Prophet (s) in above Hadis about ONE righteous group of believers always there amongst “Ummah” Muslim Nation and In-Sha-Allah will greatly help us succeed in our endeavors to achieve higher levels of l-ḥik'mata wisdom “, taqwā, piety, God Consciousness and l-bira the righteousness.

(34) CHAPTER. Seclusion is better for a believer than to have evil companions.

Bukhari Volume 8, Book 81, Number 6494:

Narrated Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri:

A Bedouin came to the Prophet (s) and said, "O Allah's Apostle! Who is the best of mankind?" The Prophet (s) said, "A man who strives for Allah's Cause with his life and property, and also a man who lives (all alone) in a mountain path among the mountain paths to worship his Lord and save the people from his evil."

Bukhari Volume 8, Book 81, Number 6495:

Narrated Abu Said:

I heard the Prophet (s) saying, "There will come a time upon the people when the best property of a Muslim will be sheep which he will take to the tops of mountains and to the places of  rainfall; and he will run away with his religion (in order to save it) from fit'natan affliction, trials(*)."

*Has the time not come yet?

(11) CHAPTER. What a Muslim should do if there is no righteous group of Muslims

Bukhari Volume 9, Book 92, Number 7084:

Narrated Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman:

The people used to ask Allah's Apostle (s) about the good but I used to ask him about the evil lest I should be overtaken by them. So I said, "O Allah's Apostle! We were living in ignorance and in an (extremely) worst atmosphere, then Allah brought to us this good (i.e., Islam); will there be any evil after this good?" He said, "Yes." I said, 'Will there be any good after that evil?" He replied, "Yes, but it will be tainted (not pure.)'' I asked, "What will be its taint?" He replied, "(There will be) some people who will guide others not according to my tradition? You will approve of some of their deeds and disapprove of some others." I asked, "Will there be any evil after that good?" He replied, "Yes, (there will be) some people calling at the gates of the (Hell) Fire, and whoever will respond to their call, will be thrown by them into the (Hell) Fire." I said, "O Allah s Apostle! Will you describe them to us?" He said, "They will be from our own people and will speak our language." I said, "What do you order me to do if such a state should take place in my life?" He said, "Stick to the group of Muslims and their Imam (ruler)." I said, "If there is neither a group of Muslims nor an Imam (ruler)?" He said, "Then turn away from all those sects even if you were to bite (eat) the roots of a tree till death overtakes you while you are in that state."

(12) CHAPTER. To flee (run away) from Al-Fiitn (afflictions and trials), is a part of religion.

Bukhari Volume 1, Book 2, Number 19: [7088Volume 9 No 3600 Volume 4]

Narrated Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri:

Allah's Messenger (s) said, "A time will come when the best property of a Muslim will be sheep,  which he will take on the top of mountains and the places of rainfall (valleys) so as to flee with  his religion from Al-Fitan (afflictions and trials)".

Bukhari Volume 4, Book 56, Number 2786:

Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri:

Somebody asked, "O Allah's Apostle (s)! Who is the best among the people?" Allah's Apostle (s) replied "A believer who strives his utmost in Allah's Cause with his life and property." They asked, "Who is next?" He replied, "A believer who stays in one of the mountain paths worshipping Allah and leaving the people secure from his mischief."

Translator’s Note: This is true in times of afflictions and disorder, otherwise social life is better than seclusion as the Prophet says in a Hadith reported by At- Tirmizi: "He who mixes with people and endures their mischief is better rewarded than he who does not mix with people and does not endure their mischief."

Note 2: It must be noted that two distinctively different situations are painted in above Ahadis and should not be confused by replacing one by the other or even comparing; a major reason which creates doubts in the mind of the reader and ultimately the trust in Hadis literature. Bukhari quotes a Hadis saying “A believer who stays in one of the mountain paths worshipping Allah and leaving the people secure from his mischief” and Hadis in translator’s note is that “He who mixes with people and endures their mischief is better rewarded” Difference is so clear in approach by Bukhari and other compilers of Hadis because there must be a solid reason for Bukhari not to include Hadis noted by Tirmizi in latter times. However Quranic ordains is best in setting the criterion,” “….help ye one another unto righteousness and pious duty. Help not one another unto sin and transgression”. (5:2)

 (13) CHAPTER. If a Muslim stays among the bad people

Bukhari Volume 9, Book 92, Number 7086:

Narrated Hudhaifa:

Allah's Apostle (s) related to us, two prophetic narrations one of which I have seen fulfilled and I am waiting for the fulfillment of the other. The Prophet (s) told us that Al-Amnanah (the trust or  moral responsibility or honesty, the virtue of honesty and all the duties which Allah has ordained) descended in the roots of men's hearts (from Allah) and then they learned it from the Qur'an and then they learned it from the Sunnah (the Prophet's traditions). The Prophet (s) further told us how that honesty will be taken away: He said: "Man will go to sleep during which honesty will be taken away from his heart and only its trace will remain in his heart like the trace of a dark spot; then man will go to sleep, during which honesty will decrease further still, so that its trace will resemble the trace of blister as when an ember is dropped on one's foot which would make it swell, and one would see it swollen but there would be nothing inside. People would be carrying out their trade but hardly will there be a trustworthy person. It will be said, 'in such-and-such tribe there is an honest man,' and later it will be said about some man, 'What a wise, polite and strong man he is’ though he will not have faith equal even to a mustard seed in his heart." No doubt, there came upon me a time when I did not mind dealing (bargaining) with anyone of you, for if he was a Muslim his Islam would compel him to pay me what is due to me, and if he was a Christian, the Muslim official would compel him to pay me what is due to me, but today I do not deal except with such-and-such person.

(Book “Mihaj ul Abideen” by Ghazali is based on the authority of such Ahadis)

https://www.ghazali.org/books/kimya-eng.pdf

Note 3: fit'natan affliction, trials (Al-Fitan) means breaking up of Islamic system of government, today’s Islamic countries are worse than the days of the period of Fitna in Islam.

NOTE 4: Instead of searching ancient Sufi ways to seek the FOOTSTEPS of the Prophet (s) what we need is to adopt ways and means suiting the age we are living in. Following guidelines might be helpful for learning and adapting ourselves to the subtle teachings embedded in above Ahadis, translating these treasures of wisdom in our lives suiting the today’s milieu, envisaged differently by Ghazali according to his times in above books:   

Prophet (s) is quoted to have said, “Be indifferent to the world and Allah will love you; be indifferent to what the people possess and they will love you.” [Hassan category of hadith related by Ibn Majah]

Arabic word Zuhad is not easy to explain in one word as it is a major paradigm shift, altogether a different way of looking at life, easiest to say a discreet selfless indifference. This is a way of life in which the life hereafter is an absolute reality like a traveler at no point in time is oblivious of his destination yet fully enjoying each and every moment of the picturesque journey, coalescing with everyone around with pleasure. This state of mind becoming a permanent feature, makes one live a life full of peace and contentment with the essence of this discreet selfless indifference, neither getting hurt, every now and then, nor hurting anyone; having no jealousy and feeling of competition, ultimately making oneself a source of benefit for everyone around as well as one’s own self, asceticism is strictly forbidden in Islam, being the religion of nature, Deen ul Fitrah.

Making the best use of internet age we should do some research work, instead of remaining busy in forwarding Quranic Ayahs, Ahadis and lengthy supplication on social media without understanding, creating more doubts, damaging the image of Islam besides ending up as frustrated wrong doers.  

 (2) Asceticism not allowed in Islam –
 Religion of Nature “Deen ul Fitrah”

(51) CHAPTER. If someone forces his Muslim brother to break his (Nawafil) fast, by giving  him an oath, the person observing Saum (fast) has not to observe Saum (fast) in lieu of it if  the giving up of the Saum was better for him.

Bukhari Volume 3, Book 30, Number 1968:

Narrated Abu Juhaifa:

The Prophet (s) made a bond of brotherhood between Salman and Abu Ad-Darda.' Salman paid a visit to Abu Ad-Darda' and found Um Ad-Darda' dressed in shabby clothes and asked her why she was in that state. She replied, "Your brother Abu Ad-Darda' is not interested in (the luxuries of) this world." In the meantime Abu Ad-Darda' came and prepared a meal for Salman. Salman requested Abu Ad-Darda' to eat (with him), but Abu Ad-Darda' said, "I am fasting." Salman said, "I am not going to eat unless you eat." So, Abu Ad-Darda' ate (with Salman). When it was night and (a part of the night passed), Abu Ad-Darda' got up (to offer the night prayer), but Salman told him to sleep and Abu Ad-Darda' slept. After sometime Abu Ad-Darda' again got up but Salman told him to sleep. When it was the last hours of the night, Salman told him to get up then, both of them offered the prayer. Salman told Abu Ad-Darda', "Your Lord has a right on you, your soul has a right on you, and your family has a right on you; so you should give the rights of all those who has a right on you." Abu Ad-Darda' came to the Prophet (s) and narrated the whole story. The Prophet (s) said, "Salman has spoken the truth."

(54) CHAPTER. The right of the guest in fasting

Bukhari Volume 3, Book 30, Number 1974:

Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Amr bin Al-'As:

"Once Allah's Apostle (s) came to me," and then he narrated the whole narration, i.e. your guest has a right on you, and your wife has a right on you. I then asked about the fasting of David. The Prophet (s) replied, "Half of the year," (i.e. he used to fast on every alternate day).

(3) Castration – Not allowed 
No asceticism 

Bukhari Volume 7, Book 67, Number 5076:

Narrated Abu Huraira:

I said, "O Allah's Apostle! I am a young man and I am afraid that I may commit illegal sexual intercourse and I cannot afford to marry." He kept silent, and then repeated my question once again, but he kept silent. I said the same (for the third time) and he remained silent. Then repeated my question (for the fourth time), and only then the Prophet (s) said, "O Abu Huraira! The pen has dried after writing what you are going to confront. (Note 1) So (it does not matter whether you) get yourself castrated or not." (Note 2)

Translator’s Note:

(1) Your fate has been destined for you

(2) (This means) you cannot change your destined fate by getting castrated, so there is no benefit in doing so.

Bukhari Volume 7, Book 67, Number 5074:

Narrated Sad bin Abi Waqqas:

Allah's Apostle (s) forbade 'Uthman bin Maz'un to abstain from marrying (and other pleasures) and if he had allowed him, we would have gotten ourselves castrated.

Translator’s Note: Sa'd, by saying, "We would have ourselves castrated," did not mean the actual castration, but he meant excessive abstention from all kinds of pleasures, for castration is forbidden in Islam.

Quran on the topic

“O’ Muhammad, ask them, "Who has forbidden ²² the decent garments that Allah brought forth for His "servants and (Who has forbidden) the good and pure things of life bestowed by Him?" Say, "All these things are for the Believers in this world but on the Day of Resurrection, these shall be exclusively for them." ²³ Thus We make quite plain Our Revelations to those who possess knowledge. O’ Muhammad, say to them, "The things which my Lord has forbidden are: shameful deeds whether open or secret, ²⁴ sinful ²⁵ things and transgression against the Truth,²⁶ He has also forbidden to associate partners with Allah since He has sent down no authority therefor; (He has also forbidden) to attribute to Allah's name the thing which you know not He has said."  (7:32-34)

(4) Believer is FLEXIBLE hypocrite arrogant
simile a tree

Bukhari Volume 7, Book 75, Number 5643: [7466]

Narrated Kab:

The Prophet (s) said, "The example of a believer is that of a fresh tender plant, which the wind bends it sometimes and some other time it makes it straight. And the example of a hypocrite is that of a pine tree which keeps straight till once it is uprooted suddenly.

(5) Beliefs that assure Paradise prophets all humans
Jesus slave of Allah 
Guard against SHIRK in all manifestations

Bukhari Volume 4, Book 60, Number 3435:

Narrated 'Ubada:

The Prophet (s) said, "If anyone testifies that 'La ilaha illallah' (none has the right to be worshipped but Allah Alone), Who has no partners, and that Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger, and that 'Isa (Jesus) is Allah's slave and His Messenger and His Word ("Be!" - and he was) which He bestowed on Maryam (Mary) and a Ruh (spirit) created by Him, and that Paradise, is the truth and Hell is the truth,' Allah will admit him into Paradise with the deeds which he had done even if those deeds were few."

(Junada the sub narrator said, “‘Ubada added, 'Such a person can enter Paradise through any of its eight gates he likes.') 

(6) Superiority of one leaving all doubtful
(unclear) things for sake of his religion 

(39) CHAPTER. The superiority of that person who leaves all doubtful (unclear) things for the sake of his religion;

Bukhari Volume 1, Book 2, Number 52:

Narrated An-Nu'man bin Bashir:

I heard Allah's Apostle (s) saying, 'Both legal and illegal things are evident but in between them there are doubtful (suspicious) things and most of the people have no knowledge about them. So whoever saves himself from these suspicious things saves his religion and his honor. And whoever indulges in these suspicious things is like a shepherd who grazes (his animals) near the Hima (private pasture) of someone else and at any moment he is liable to get in it. (O people!) Beware! Every king has a Hima and the Hima of Allah on the earth is His illegal (forbidden) things. Beware! There is a piece of flesh in the body if it becomes good (reformed) the whole body becomes good but if it gets spoilt the whole body gets spoilt and that is the heart.

BELIEVER’S SIGNS - SPECIAL TRAITS

 SPECIAL TRAITS

(1) Believer loves UNITY among believers

dislikes sectarian tendencies  

Bukhari Volume 8, Book 78, Number 6026:

Narrated Abu Musa:

The Prophet (s) said, "A believer to another believer is like a building whose different parts enforce each other." The Prophet (s) then clasped his hands with the fingers interlaced. (At that time) the Prophet (s) was sitting and a man came and begged or asked for something. The Prophet (s) faced us and said, "Help and recommend him and you will receive the reward for it, and Allah will bring about what He will through His Prophet's tongue."

Bukhari Volume 1, Book 8 (Salah), Number 481:

Narrated Abu Musa:

The Prophet (s) said, "A faithful believer to a faithful believer is like the bricks of a wall, enforcing each other." While (saying that) the Prophet (s) clasped his hands, by interlacing his fingers.

Bukhari Volume 3, Book 46, Number 2446:

Narrated Abu Musa:

The Prophet (s) said, "A believer to another believer is like a building whose different parts enforce each other." The Prophet (s) then clasped his hands with the fingers interlaced (while saying that).

(2) Believer Frugal Eater Eats less than fill

 (12) CHAFFER. A believer eats in one intestine (i.e., he is satisfied with a little food).

Bukhari Volume 7, Book 70, Number 5393:

Narrated Nafi':

Ibn 'Umar never used to take his meal unless a poor man was called to eat with him. One day I brought a poor man to eat with him, the man ate too much, whereupon Ibn 'Umar said, "O Nafi'! Don't let this man enter my house, for I heard the Prophet (s) saying, "A believer eats in one intestine (is satisfied with a little food), and a Kafir (unbeliever) eats in seven intestines (eats much food)."

(3) Simplicity AVOID silver or golden 
eating utensils

Bukhari Volume 7, Book 70, Number 5426:

Narrated 'Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Laila:

We were sitting in the company of Hudhaifa who asked for water and a Magian brought him water. But when he placed the cup in his hand, he threw it at him and said, "Had I not forbidden him to do so more than once or twice?" He wanted to say, "I would not have done so," adding, "but I heard the Prophet (s) saying, "Do not wear silk or Dibaja, and do not drink in silver or golden vessels, and do not eat in plates of such metals, for such things are for the unbelievers in this worldly life and for us in the Hereafter."

(4) Judges all matters as per the proper legal verdict in harmony with Quran else Zalimun

(13) CHAPTER. What has been said regarding exerting oneself to find out the proper legal verdict which is in harmony with what Allah has revealed, as Allah says: ".... And whosoever does not judge by that which Allah has revealed, such are Zalimun (polytheists and wrongdoers) (of a lesser degree)..." (5:45) 

The Prophet (s) praised the man of religious wisdom who judges by it and teaches it and does not give verdicts that are personal (opinions). And what is said about the caliphs' consulting and asking the religious learned men.

Bukhari Volume 9, Book 92, Number 7316:

Narrated 'Abdullah:

Allah's Apostle (s) said, "Do not wish to be like anybody except in two cases: The case of a man whom Allah has given wealth and he spends it in the right way, and that of a man whom Allah has given religious wisdom (i.e. Qur'an and Sunnah) and he gives his verdicts according to it and teaches it." (To others; i.e. religious knowledge of Qur'an and Sunnah, Prophet's Traditions)"

Quran on the topic

“Indeed, We sent down the Torah wherein Guidance and Light was: thereby All the Prophets, who were Muslims, judged the cases of those who had become Jews, ⁷² likewise the Rabbis and the Ahbar ⁷³ (based their judgment on it), for they were made the guardians of the Book of Allah and witnesses to it. So, (O Jews) do not fear the people but fear Me and do not sell My revelations for paltry worldly gains: those, who do not judge by the Law which Allah has sent down, are indeed the disbelievers. Wa Man Lam Yaĥkum Bimā 'Anzala Allāhu Fa'ūlā'ika Humu Al-Kāfirūna” (5:44)

 “We had prescribed this decree in the Torah for the Jews: "Life for life, eye for eye, nose for nose, ear for ear, tooth for tooth, and for all wounds equal retaliation." ⁷⁴ However, whoever forgoes retaliation as charity, it shall be expiation for him: ⁷⁵ Wa Man Lam Yaĥkum Bimā 'Anzala Allāhu Fa'ūlā'ika Humu Až-Žālimūna those, who do not judge by the Law which Allah has sent down, are indeed the unjust people.” (5:45)

“Then after those Prophets, We sent Jesus, son of Mary; he confirmed whatever had still remained intact of the Torah in his time. And We gave him the Gospel wherein was Guidance and Light; that too, confirmed what was intact of the Torah ⁷⁶ at the time; moreover, it was guidance and admonition for the God-fearing people. We had enjoined that those who were given the Gospel should judge by the Law which Allah has sent down in it: those, Lam Yaĥkum Bimā 'Anzala Allāhu Fa'ūlā'ika Humu Al-Fāsiqūna who do not judge by the Law which Allah has sent down, are the transgressors.” ⁷⁷  (5:46-47)

Note: How about Muslims if they do not judge by Quran and are trying to find meanings through Hadis alone and that too in isolations, what suits their minds should they be called Al-Kāfirūn Unbelievers, Až-Žālimūn Evil-doers, Al-Fāsiqūn who rebel or all these epithets! May Allah save us from such behaviors.

 (5) Bear affliction & disease with Patience
be like a fresh tender plant

Bukhari Volume 7, Book 75, Number 5644:

Narrated Abu Huraira:

Allah's Apostle (s) said, "The example of a believer is that of a fresh tender plant; from whatever direction the wind comes, it bends it, but when the wind becomes quiet, it becomes straight again. Similarly, a believer is afflicted with calamities (but he remains patient till Allah removes his difficulties.) And an impious wicked person is like a pine tree which keeps hard and straight till Allah cuts (breaks) it down when He wishes." (See Hadith No. 7466, Vol. 9.)

(6) True believer love of Prophet (s) more than self

Bukhari Volume 8, Book 83, Number 6632:

Narrated 'Abdullah bin Hisham:

We were with the Prophet (s) and he was holding the hand of 'Umar bin Al-Khattab. 'Umar said to Him, "O Allah's Apostle! You are dearer to me than everything except my own self." The Prophet (s) said, "No, by Him in Whose Hand my soul is, (you will not have complete faith) till I am dearer to you than your own self." Then 'Umar said to him, "However, now, by Allah, you are dearer to me than my own self." The Prophet (s) said, "Now, O 'Umar, (now you are a believer)."

(7) Caring of guests neighbor and talking good

(31) CHAPTER. Whosoever believes in Allah and the Last Day should not harm his neighbor;

Bukhari Volume 8, Book 78, Number 6018:

Narrated Abu Huraira:

Allah's Apostle (s) said, "Anybody who believes in Allah and the Last Day should not harm his neighbor, and anybody who believes in Allah and the Last Day should entertain his guest generously and anybody who believes in Allah and the Last Day should talk what is good or keep quiet. (i.e. abstain from all kinds of evil and dirty talk).