COMPANIONS SPECIAL - I
Bukhari Volume 1, Book 9, Number 564:
Narrated
Abdullah:
"One night
Allah's Apostle (s) led us in the 'Isha' prayer and that is the one called
Al-'Atma by the people. After the completion of the prayer, he faced us and
said, "Do you know the importance of this night? Nobody present on the
surface of the earth tonight will be living after one hundred years from this
night."
Bukhari
Volume 1, Book 9, Number 601:
Narrated
'Abdullah bin 'Umar:
The Prophet (s) prayed
one of the 'isha' prayers in his last days and after finishing it with Taslim, he stood up and said, "Do
you realize (the importance of) this night? Nobody present on the surface of
the earth tonight would be living after the completion of one hundred years
from this night."
The people made
a mistake in grasping the meaning of this statement of Allah's Apostle (s) and
they indulged in those things which are said about these narrators (i.e. some said that the Day of Resurrection will be
established after 100 years etc.) But the Prophet (s) said, "Nobody present on the surface of earth tonight would be
living after the completion of 100 years from this night"; he meant
"When that century (people of that
century) would pass away."
Translator’s Note: This was a sign of
Prophethood, for what Allah's Messenger
said was proved, as the last of his
companions to die was Abu At-Tufail 'Amir Bin Wathila who died 100 years after
the prophecy of the Prophet (s) and he was 110 years old then.
(2) Abu Sufyan called in the
court of Heraclius
on receiving the Prophet’s letter
Bukhari
Volume 9, Book 93, Number 7196:
Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas:
That Abu Sufyan bin Harb told him that
Heraclius had called him along with the members of a Quraish caravan and then
said to his interpreter, "Tell them that I want to ask this (Abu Sufyan) a
question, and if he tries to tell me a lie, they should contradict him."
Then Abu Sufyan mentioned the whole narration and said that Heraclius said to
the inter Peter, "Say to him (Abu Sufyan), 'If
what you say is true, then he (the Prophet) will take over the place underneath
my two feet.' (See Vol. 1,
Hadith No. 7, for details given at the end)
Bukhari Volume 8, Book 79, Number 6260:
Narrated
Abu Sufyan bin Harb:
…that
Heraclius had sent for him to come along with a group of the Quraish who were
trading in Sham, and they came to him. Then Abu Sufyan mentioned the whole
narration and said, "Heraclius asked for the letter of Allah's Apostle.
When the letter was read, its contents were as follows: 'In the name of Allah,
the Beneficent, and the Merciful. From Muhammad, Allah's slave and His Apostle
to Heraclius, the Chief of Byzantines: Peace be upon him who follows the right
path (guidance)! Amma ba'du (to proceed)...' (See Hadith No 7, Volume 1 for
details)
(4)
CHAPTER. "Say (0
Muhammad, 0’ people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) Come to a word that
is just between us and you, that we worship none but Allah..." (V.3:64)
Bukhari
Volume 6, Book 65, Number 4553:
Narrated Ibn Abbas:
Abu Sufyan narrated to me personally,
saying, "I set out during the Truce that had been concluded between me and
Allah's Apostle. While I was in Sham, a letter sent by the Prophet (s) was
brought to Heraclius. Dihya Al-Kalbi had brought and given it to the governor
of Basra, and the latter forwarded it to Heraclius. Heraclius said, 'Is there
anyone from the people of this man who claims to be a prophet?' The people
replied, 'Yes.' So I along with some of Quraish men was called and we entered
upon Heraclius, and we were seated in front of him. Then he said, 'Who amongst
you is the nearest relative to the man who claims to be a prophet?' So they
made me sit in front of him and made my companions sit behind me. Then he
called upon his translator and said (to him). 'Tell them (i.e. Abu Sufyan's companions) that I am going to ask him (i.e. Abu Sufyan) regarding that man who
claims to be a prophet. So, if he tells me a lie, they should contradict him
(instantly).' By Allah, had I not been afraid that my companions would consider
me a liar, I would have told lies. Heraclius then said to his translator, 'Ask
him: What is his (i.e. the Prophet's) family status amongst you? I said, 'He
belongs to a noble family amongst us." Heraclius said, 'Was any of his
ancestors a king?' I said, 'No.' He said, ‘did you ever accuse him of
telling lies before his saying what he has said?' I said, 'No.' He said, 'Do
the nobles follow him or the poor people?' I said, 'It is the poor who followed
him.' He said, 'Is the number of his follower increasing or decreasing?' I
said, 'they are increasing.' He said, 'Does anyone renounce his religion (i.e.
Islam) after embracing it, being displeased with it?' I said, 'No.' He said,
'Did you fight with him?' I replied, 'Yes.' He said, 'How was your fighting
with him?' I said, 'The fighting between us was undecided and victory was
shared by him and us by turns. He inflicts casualties upon us and we inflict
casualties upon him.' He said, 'Did he ever betray?' I said, 'No, but now we
are away from him in this truce and we do not know what he will do in it"
Abu Sufyan added, "By Allah, I was not able to insert in my speech a word
(against him) except that. Heraclius said, 'Did anybody else (amongst you) ever
claim the same (i.e. Islam) before him? I said, 'No.' Then Heraclius told his
translator to tell me (i.e. Abu Sufyan), 'I asked you about his family status
amongst you, and you told me that he comes from a noble family amongst you
Verily, all Apostles come from the noblest family among their people. Then I
asked you whether any of his ancestors was a king, and you denied that.
Thereupon I thought that had one of his fore-fathers been a king, I would have
said that he (i.e. Muhammad) was seeking to rule the kingdom of his fore-fathers.
Then I asked you regarding his followers, whether they were the noble or the
poor among the people, and you said that they were only the poor (who follow
him). In fact, such are the followers of the Apostles. Then I asked you whether
you have ever accused him of telling lies before saying what he said, and your
reply was in the negative. Therefore, I took for granted that a man who did not
tell a lie about others, could ever tell a lie about Allah. Then I asked you
whether anyone of his followers had renounced his religion (i.e. Islam) after
embracing it, being displeased with it, and you denied that. And such is Faith
when it mixes with the cheerfulness of the hearts. Then I asked you whether his
followers were increasing or decreasing you claimed that they were increasing.
That is the way of true faith till it is complete. Then I asked you whether you
had ever fought with him, and you claimed that you had fought with him and the
battle between you and him was undecided and the victory was shared by you and
him in turns; he inflicted casual ties upon you and you inflicted casualties
upon them. Such is the case with the Apostles; they are out to test and the
final victory is for them. Then I asked you whether he had ever betrayed; you
claimed that he had never betrayed. I need, Apostles never betray. Then I asked
you whether anyone had said this statement before him, and you denied that.
Thereupon I thought if somebody had said that statement before him, then I
would have said that he was but a man copying some sayings said before
him." Abu Sufyan said, "Heraclius then asked me, 'What does he order
you to do?' I said, 'He orders us (to offer) prayers and (to pay) Zakat and to
keep a good relationship with the Kith and kin and to be chaste.' Then Heraclius
said, 'If whatever you have said, is true, he is really a prophet, and I knew
that he (i.e. the Prophet) was going to appear, but I never thought that he
would be from amongst you. If I were certain that I can reach him, I would like
to meet him and if I were with him, I would wash his feet; and his kingdom will
expand (surely to what is under my feet.' Then Heraclius asked for the letter
of Allah's Apostle and read it wherein was written:
“In the Name of Allah, the Most
Beneficent, and the Most Merciful” This letter is) from Muhammad, Apostle of
Allah, to Heraclius, the sovereign of Byzantine........ Peace be upon him who
follows the Right Path. Now then, I call you to embrace Islam. Embrace Islam
and you will be saved (from Allah's Punishment); embrace Islam and Allah will
give you a double reward, but if you reject this, you will be responsible for
the sins of all the people of your kingdom (Allah's Statement):--"O the
people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians)! Come to a word common to you and
us that we worship none but Allah....bear witness that we are Muslims.' (3.64)
When he finished reading the letter,
voices grew louder near him and there was a great hue and cry, and we were
ordered to go out." Abu Sufyan added, "While coming out, I said to my
companions, 'the situation of Ibn Abu Kabsha (i.e. Muhammad) has become strong;
even the king of Banu Al-Asfar is afraid of him.' So I continued to believe
that Allah's Apostle would be victorious, till Allah made me embrace
Islam." Az-Zuhri said, "Heraclius then invited all the chiefs of the
Byzantines and had them assembled in his house and said, 'O group of
Byzantines! Do you wish to have permanent success and guidance and that your
kingdom should remain with you?' (Immediately after hearing that), they rushed
towards the gate like onagers, but they found them closed. Heraclius then said,
'Bring them back to me.' So he called them and said, 'I just wanted to test the
strength of your adherence to your religion. Now I have observed of you that
which I like.' Then the people fell in prostration before him and became
pleased with him." (See Hadith No. 6, Volume 1)
Bukhari Volume 4, Book 56, Number 2978:
Narrated
Ibn 'Abbas:
Abu
Sufyan said, "Heraclius sent for me when I was in 'Ilya' (i.e. Jerusalem).
Then he asked for the letter of Allah's Apostle (s) and when he had finished
its reading there was a great hue and cry around him and the voices grew louder
and we were asked to quit the place. When we were turned out, I said to my
companions, 'The cause of Ibn Abi Kabsha has become conspicuous as the King of
Bani Al-Asfar is afraid of him.' "
(102)
CHAPTER: The invitation of the Prophet (Muhammad) to the people to embrace Islam,
and believe in his Prophethood, and not take each other as Lords instead
of Allah. The Statement of Allah: "It is not (possible) for any
human being whom Allah has given the Book……." (V.3:79)
Bukhari
Volume 4, Book 56, Number 2940-2941:
Narrated Abdullah bin Abbas:
Allah's Apostle wrote to Caesar and
invited him to Islam and sent him his letter with Dihya Al-Kalbi whom Allah's
Apostle ordered to hand it over to the Governor of Basra who would forward it
to Caesar. Caesar as a sign of gratitude to Allah had walked from Him to Ilya
(i.e. Jerusalem) when Allah had granted Him victory over the Persian forces.
So, when the letter of Allah's Apostle reached Caesar, he said after reading t,
'Seek for me any one of his people! (Arabs of Quraish tribe) if present here,
in order to ask him about Allah's Apostle. At that time Abu Sufyan bin Harb was
in Sham with some men who frown against Quraish who had come (to Sham) as merchants during
the truce that had been concluded between Allah's Apostle; and the infidels of
Quraish. Abu Sufyan said Caesar's messenger found us somewhere in Sham so he
took me and my companions to Ilya and we were admitted into Cesar’s court to
find him sitting in his royal court wearing a crown and surrounded by the
senior dignitaries of the Byzantine. He said to his translator. 'Ask them who
amongst them is a close relation to the man who claims to be a prophet."
Abu Sufyan added, "I replied, 'I am the nearest relative to him.' He
asked, 'What degree of relationship do you have with him?' I replied, 'He is my
cousin,' and there was none of Bani Abu Manaf in the caravan except myself.
Caesar said, 'Let him come nearer.' He then ordered that my companions stand
behind me near my shoulder and said to his translator, 'Tell his companions
that I am going to ask this man about the man who claims to be a prophet. If he
tells a lie, they should contradict him immediately." Abu Sufyan added,
"By Allah! Had it not been shameful that my companions label me a liar, I
would not have spoken the truth about him when he asked me. But I considered it
shameful to be called a liar by my companions. So I told the truth. He then
said to his translator, 'Ask him what kind of family he belongs to.' I
replied, 'He belongs to a noble family amongst us.' He said, 'Have anybody else
amongst you ever claimed the same before him? 'I replied, 'No.' on that he
said, 'Had you ever blamed him for telling lies before he claimed what he
claimed? ‘I replied, 'No.' He said, 'Was anybody amongst his ancestors a king?'
I replied, 'No.' He said, “do the noble or the poor follow him? I replied,
'It is the poor who follow him.' He said, 'Are they increasing or decreasing
(day by day)?' I replied,' they are increasing.' He said, 'Does anybody amongst
those who embrace his (the Prophet's) Religion become displeased and then
discard his Religion?'. I replied, 'No. 'He said, 'Does he break his promises?
I replied, 'No, but we are now at truce with him and we are afraid that he may
betray us." Abu Sufyan added, "Other than the last sentence, I could
not say anything against him. Caesar then asked, 'Have you ever had a war with
him?' I replied, 'Yes.' He said, 'What was the outcome of your battles with
him?' I replied, 'the result was unstable; sometimes he was victorious, and
sometimes we.' He said, 'What does he order you to do?' I said, 'He tells us to
worship Allah alone, and not to worship others along with Him, and to leave all
that our fore-fathers used to worship. He orders us to pray, give in charity,
be chaste, keep promises and return what is entrusted to us.' When I had said
that, Caesar said to his translator, 'Say to him: I ask you about his lineage
and your reply was that he belonged to a noble family. In fact, all the
apostles came from the noblest lineage of their nations. Then I questioned you
whether anybody else amongst you had claimed such a thing, and your reply was
in the negative. If the answer had been in the affirmative, I would have
thought that this man was following a claim that had been saying before him. When
I asked you whether he was ever blamed for telling lies, your reply was negative, so I took it for granted that a person who did not tell a lie about
(others) the people could never tell a lie about Allah. Then I asked you
whether any of his ancestors was a king. Your reply was in the negative, and if
it had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man wanted to
take back his ancestral kingdom. When I asked you whether the rich or the poor
people followed him, you replied that it was the poor who followed him. In
fact, such are the followers of the apostles. Then I asked you whether his
followers were increasing or decreasing. You replied that they were increasing.
In fact, this is the result of true faith till it is complete (in all
respects). I asked you whether there was anybody who, after embracing his
religion, became displeased and discarded his religion; your reply was negative. In fact, this is the sign of true faith, for when its cheerfulness
enters and mixes in the hearts completely, nobody will be displeased with it. I
asked you whether he had ever broken his promise. You replied in the negative.
And such are the apostles; they never break their promises. When I asked you
whether you fought with him and he fought with you, you replied that he did and that sometimes he was victorious and sometimes you. Indeed, such are the
apostles; they are put to trials and the final victory is always theirs. Then I
asked you what he ordered you. You replied that he ordered you to worship Allah
alone and not to worship others along with Him, to leave all that your forefathers
used to worship, to offer prayers, to speak the truth, to be chaste, to keep
promises, and to return what is entrusted to you. These are really the
qualities of a prophet who, I knew (from the previous Scriptures) would appear,
but I did not know that he would be from amongst you. If what you say should be
true, he will very soon occupy the earth under my feet, and if I knew that I
would reach him definitely, I would go immediately to meet Him; and were I with
him, then I would certainly wash his feet.' "Abu Sufyan added,
"Caesar then asked for the letter of Allah's Apostle and it was read. Its
contents were:--
"In the name of Allah, the most
Beneficent, the most Merciful (This letter is) from Muhammad, the slave of
Allah, and His Apostle, to Heraclius, the Ruler of the Byzantine. Peace be upon
the followers of guidance. Now then, I invite you to Islam (i.e. surrender to
Allah), embrace Islam and you will be safe; embrace Islam and Allah will bestow
on you a double reward. But if you reject this invitation of Islam, you shall
be responsible for misguiding the peasants (i.e. your nation). O people of the
Scriptures! Come to a word common to you and us and you, that we worship. None
but Allah, and that we associate nothing in worship with Him; and that none of
us shall take others as Lords besides Allah. Then if they turn away, say: Bear
witness that we are (they who have surrendered (unto Him)..(3:64)
Abu Sufyan added, "When Heraclius
had finished his speech, there was a great hue and cry caused by the Byzantine
Royalties surrounding him, and there was so much noise that I did not
understand what they said. So, we were turned out of the court. When I went out
with my companions and we were alone, I said to them, 'Verily, Ibn Abi Kabsha's
(i.e. the Prophet's) affair has gained power. This is the King of Bani Al-Asfar
fearing him." Abu Sufyan added, "By Allah, I remained low and was
sure that his religion would be victorious till Allah converted me to Islam,
though I disliked it"
Bukhari Volume 3, Book 52, Number 2681:
Narrated
Abdullah bin Abbas:
Abu Sufyan told
me that Heraclius said to him, "When I enquired you what he (i.e.
Muhammad) ordered you, you replied that he ordered you to establish the prayer,
to speak the truth, to be chaste, to keep promises, and to pay back
trusts." Then Heraclius added, "These are really the qualities of a
prophet." (See No 7)
Bukhari Volume 1, Book 1, Number 7:
Narrated
'Abdullah bin 'Abbas:
Abu
Sufyan bin Harb informed me that Heraclius had sent a messenger to him while he
had been accompanying a caravan from Quraish. They were merchants doing
business in Sham (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, and Jordan), at the time when
Allah's Apostle had a truce with Abu Sufyan and Quraish infidels. So Abu Sufyan
and his companions went to Heraclius at Ilya (Jerusalem). Heraclius called them
in the court and he had all the senior Roman dignitaries around him. He called
for his translator who, translating Heraclius's question said to them,
"Who amongst you is closely related to that man who claims to be a
Prophet?" Abu Sufyan replied, "I am the nearest relative to him
(amongst the group)."
Heraclius
said, "Bring him (Abu Sufyan) close to me and make his companions stand
behind him." Abu Sufyan added, that Heraclius told his translator to tell my
companions that he wanted to put some questions to me regarding that man (The
Prophet) and that if I told a lie they (my companions) should contradict
me." Abu Sufyan added, "By Allah! Had I not been afraid of my
companions labeling me a liar, I would not have spoken the truth about the
Prophet. The first question he asked me about him (The Prophet) was:
'What is his
family status amongst you?'
I replied, 'He
belongs to a good (noble) family amongst us.'
Heraclius
further asked, 'Has anybody amongst you ever claimed the same (i.e. to be a
Prophet) before him?'
I replied, 'No.'
He said, 'Was
anybody amongst his ancestors a king?'
I replied, 'No.'
Heraclius asked,
'Do the nobles or the poor follow him?'
I replied, 'It
is the poor who follow him.'
He said, 'Are
his followers increasing or decreasing (day by day)?'
I replied, 'They
are increasing.'
He then asked,
'Does anybody amongst those who embrace his religion become displeased and
renounce the religion afterward?'
I replied, 'No.'
Heraclius said,
'Have you ever accused him of telling lies before his claim (to be a Prophet)?'
I replied, 'No.
'
Heraclius said,
'Does he break his promises?'
I replied, 'No.
We are at truce with him but we do not know what he will do in it.' I could not
find an opportunity to say anything against him except that.
Heraclius asked,
'Have you ever had a war with him?'
I replied,
'Yes.'
Then he said,
'What was the outcome of the battles?'
I replied,
'Sometimes he was victorious, and sometimes we.'
Heraclius said,
'What does he order you to do?'
I said, 'He
tells us to worship Allah and Allah alone and not to worship anything along
with Him, and to renounce all that our ancestors had said. He orders us to
pray, to speak the truth, to be chaste, and to keep good relations with our Kith
and kin.'
Heraclius
asked the translator to convey to me the following, I asked you about his
family and your reply was that he belonged to a very noble family. In fact, all
the Apostles come from noble families amongst their respective peoples. I
questioned you whether anybody else amongst you claimed such a thing, and your
reply was in the negative. If the answer had been in the affirmative, I would
have thought that this man was following the previous man's statement. Then I
asked you whether anyone of his ancestors was a king. Your reply was in the
negative, and if it had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this
man wanted to take back his ancestral kingdom.
I
further asked whether he was ever accused of telling lies before he said what
he said, and your reply was in the negative. So I wondered how a person who
does not tell a lie about others could ever tell a lie about Allah. I, then
asked you whether the rich people followed him or the poor. You replied that it
was the poor who followed him. And in fact, all the Apostles have been followed
by this very class of people. Then I asked you whether his followers were
increasing or decreasing. You replied that they were increasing, and in fact, this is the way of true faith, till it is complete in all respects. I further
asked you whether there was anybody, who, after embracing his religion, became displeased
and discarded his religion. Your reply was in the negative, and in fact, this is
(the sign of) true faith, when its delight enters the hearts and mixes with
them completely. I asked you whether he had ever betrayed. You replied in the
negative and likewise the Apostles never betray. Then I asked you what he
ordered you to do. You replied that he ordered you to worship Allah and Allah
alone and not to worship anything along with Him and forbade you to worship
idols and ordered you to pray, to speak the truth, and to be chaste. If what you
have said is true, he will very soon occupy this place underneath my feet and I
knew it (from the scriptures) that he was going to appear but I did not know
that he would be from you, and if I could reach him definitely, I would go
immediately to meet him and if I were with him, I would certainly wash his
feet.' Heraclius then asked for the letter addressed by Allah's Apostle
which
was delivered by Dihya to the Governor of Basra, who forwarded it to Heraclius
to read. The contents of the letter were as follows: "In the name of Allah
the Beneficent, the Merciful (This letter is) from Muhammad the slave of Allah
and His Apostle to Heraclius the ruler of Byzantine. Peace be upon him, who
follows the right path. Furthermore, I invite you to Islam, and if you become a
Muslim you will be safe, and Allah will double your reward, and if you reject
this invitation of Islam you will be committing a sin by misguiding your
Arisiyin (peasants). (And I recite to you Allah's Statement)
'O
people of the scripture! Come to a word common to you and us that we worship
none but Allah and that we associate nothing in worship with Him, and that none
of us shall take others as Lords beside Allah. Then, if they turn away, say:
Bear witness that we are Muslims (those who have surrendered to Allah).'
(3:64).
Abu
Sufyan then added, "When Heraclius had finished his speech and had read
the letter, there was a great hue and cry in the Royal Court. So we were turned
out of the court. I told my companions that the question of Ibn-Abi-Kabsha)
(the Prophet Muhammad) has become so prominent that even the King of Bani
Al-Asfar (Byzantine) is afraid of him. Then I started to become sure that he
(the Prophet) would be the conqueror in the near future till I embraced Islam
(i.e. Allah guided me to it)."
The
sub-narrator adds, "Ibn An-Natur was the Governor of Ilya (Jerusalem) and
Heraclius was the head of the Christians of Sham. Ibn An-Natur narrates that
once while Heraclius was visiting Ilya (Jerusalem), he got up in the morning
in a sad mood. Some of his priests asked him why he was in that mood.
Heraclius was a foreteller and an astrologer. He replied, 'At night when I
looked at the stars, I saw that the leader of those who practices circumcision
had appeared (become the conqueror). Who are they who practice circumcision?'
The people replied, 'Except the Jews nobody practices circumcision, so you
should not be afraid of them (Jews).
'Just
Issue orders to kill every Jew present in the country.'
While
they were discussing it, a messenger sent by the king of Ghassan to convey the
news of Allah's Apostle to Heraclius was brought in. Having heard the news, he
(Heraclius) ordered the people to go and see whether the messenger of Ghassan
was circumcised. The people, after seeing him, told Heraclius that he was
circumcised. Heraclius then asked him about the Arabs. The messenger replied,
'Arabs also practice circumcision.'
(After
hearing that) Heraclius remarked that the sovereignty of the 'Arabs had appeared.
Heraclius then wrote a letter to his friend in Rome who was as good as
Heraclius in knowledge. Heraclius then left for Homs. (a town in Syrian and
stayed there till he received the reply to his letter from his friend who
agreed with him in his opinion about the emergence of the Prophet and the fact
that he was a Prophet. On that Heraclius invited all the heads of the
Byzantines to assemble in his palace at Homs. When they assembled, he ordered
that all the doors of his palace be closed. Then he came out and said, 'O
Byzantines! If success is your desire and if you seek the right guidance and want
your empire to remain then give a pledge of allegiance to this Prophet (i.e.
embrace Islam).'
(On
hearing the views of Heraclius) the people ran towards the gates of the palace
like onagers but found the doors closed. Heraclius realized their hatred
towards Islam and when he lost hope of their embracing Islam, he ordered
that they should be brought back to the audience.
(When
they returned) he said, 'What already said was just to test the strength of
your conviction and I have seen it.' The people prostrated before him and
became pleased with him, and this was the end of Heraclius's story (in
connection with his faith).
(3) Companions Prophet (s) loved most
Bukhari Volume 5, Book 64, Number 4358:
Narrated Abu
Uthman:
Allah's Apostle
(s) sent 'Amr bin Al As as the commander of the troops of Dhat-us-Salasil. 'Amr
bin Al-'As said, "(On my return) I came to the Prophet (s) and said,
'Which people do you love most?' He replied, 'Aisha.' I said, 'from amongst the
men?' He replied, 'Her father (Abu Bakr)'. I said, 'whom (do you love) next?'
He replied, "Umar.' Then he counted the names of many men, and I became
silent for fear that he might regard me as the last of them."
(4) Companions enjoyed full freedom
disagreed on changing names
Bukhari Volume 8, Book 78, Number 6193:
Narrated Said bin Al-Musaiyab:
That when his grandfather, Hazen visited
the Prophet (s) the Prophet (s) said (to him), "What is your name?"
He said, "My name is Hazen. (Meaning rough and hard)" The Prophet (s)
said, "But you are Sahl." (SahI' is the opposite of 'Hazn',
i.e. even, soft ground.) He said, "I will not change the name with
which my father named me." Ibn Al-Musaiyab added: So we have had roughness
(in character) ever since.
(108) CHAPTER: To change a name for another
name that is better than the first.
Bukhari Volume 8, Book 78, Number 6191:
Narrated Sahi:
When Al-Mundhir bin Abu Usaid was born, he
was brought to the Prophet (s) who placed him on his thigh. While Abu Usaid was
sitting there, the Prophet (s) was busy with something in his hands so Abu
Usaid told someone to take his son from the thigh of the Prophet (s). When the Prophet (s) finished his job (with
which he was busy), he said, "Where is the boy?" Abu Usaid replied,
"We have sent him home." The Prophet (s) said, "What is his
name?" Abu Usaid said, "(His name is) so-and-so." The Prophet
(s) said, "No, his name is Al-Mundhir." From that day the boy was
called as A1-Mundhir.
Bukhari Volume 8, Book 78, Number 6191:
Narrated Abu Hurairah:
Zainab's original name was "Barrah" but it was said, "By that, she is giving herself the prestige of piety." So the Prophet (s) changed her name to Zainab.
(5) Hardships ate leaves & shrubs
Bukhari Volume 8, Book 81, Number 6453:
Narrated Sa'd:
I was the first
man among the Arabs to throw an arrow for Allah's Cause. We used to fight in
Allah's Cause while we had nothing to eat except the leaves of the Hubla and
the Sumer trees (desert trees) so that we discharged excrement like that of
sheep (i.e. unmixed droppings). Today the (people of the) tribe of Bani Asad
teach me the laws of Islam. If so, then I am lost, and all my efforts during that
hard time had gone in vain.
(6) Hassan bin Ali – Prophet (s) loved
Bukhari
Volume 4, Book 61, Number 3629:
Narrated
Abu Bakra:
Once
the Prophet (s) brought out Al-Hasan and took him up the pulpit along with him
and said, "This son of mine is a Sayed (i.e. chief) and I hope that Allah
will help him bring about reconciliation between two Muslim groups”.
Narrated
Abu Hurairah the Prophet (s) took and put Al-Hassan, over his shoulder.
Bukhari Volume 4, Book 61, Number 3542 [3750]
Narrated 'Uqba bin Al-Uãrith:
I saw Abu Bakar carrying AI-Hasan and saying, "Let my father be sacrificed for you; you resemble the Prophet (s) and not 'Ali," while 'Ali was laughing.
(60) CHAPTER. As-Sikhab (necklace formed of a string carrying beads) for boys.
Bukhari Volume 7, Book 77, Number 5884:
Narrated Abu
Huraira:
I was with
Allah's Apostle (s) in one of the Markets of Medina. He left (the market) and
so did I. Then he asked thrice, "Where is the small (child)?" Then he
said, "Call Al-Hasan bin 'Ali." So Al-Hasan bin 'Ali got up and
started walking with a necklace (of beads) around his neck. The Prophet (s)
stretched his hand out like this, and Al-Hasan did the same. The Prophet (s)
embraced him and said, "0’ Allah! l love him, so please love him and love
those who love him." Since Allah's Apostle (s) said that nothing has been
dearer to me than Al-Hasan.
Hassan's Love
Bukhari
Volume 3, Book 34, Number 2122:
Narrated Abu
Huraira Ad-Dausi:
Once the
Prophet (s) went out during the day, neither did he talk to me nor I to him
till he reached the market of Bani Qainuqa and then he sat in the compound of
Fatima's house and asked about the small boy (his grandson Al-Hasan) but Fatima
kept the boy in for a while. I thought she was either changing his clothes or
giving the boy a bath. After a while, the boy came out running and the Prophet
(s) embraced and kissed him and then said, 'O Allah! Love him, and love whoever
loves him.'
(7) Hassan bin Ali resembled Prophet (s)
Bukhari
Volume 4, Book 61, Number 3542:
Narrated
'Uqba bin Al-Harith:
(Once)
Abu Bakr offered the 'Asar prayer and then went out walking and saw Al-Hasan
playing with the boys. He lifted him onto his shoulders and said, “Let my
parents be sacrificed for your sake! (You) resemble the Prophet (s) and not
'Ali," while 'Ali was smiling.
Bukhari
Volume 4, Book 61, Number 3543: [3544,
3750, 3752]
Narrated Abu Juhaifa:
I saw the Prophet (s) and Al-Hasan
resembled him.
Bukhari
Volume 5, Book 62, Number 3750:
Narrated 'Uqba bin Al-Uarith:
I saw Abu Bakar carrying AI-Hasan and saying, "Let my father be sacrificed for you; you resemble the Prophet (s) and not 'Ali," while 'Ali was laughing.
(8) Prophet (s) sought refuge with Allah like
Abraham for Hassan & Hussain
Bukhari Volume 4, Book 60, Number 3371:
Narrated Ibn
'Abbas:
The Prophet (s)
used to seek Refuge with Allah for Al-Hasan and Al-Husain and say: "Your
forefather (i.e. Abraham) used to seek Refuge with Allah for Ishmael and Isaac
by reciting the following: 'O Allah! I seek Refuge with Your Perfect Words from
every devil and from poisonous pests and from every evil, harmful, envious
eye.' "
(9)
Prophet (s) forbade calling a Muslim
as hypocrite ensuring dignity &
respect of Companions
Bukhari
Volume 2, Book 21, Number 1185-1186:
Narrated Mahmud
bin Ar-rabi' Al-Ansari,
That he
remembered Allah's Apostle (s) and he also remembered a mouthful of water which
he had thrown on his face, after taking it from a well that was in their house.
Mahmud said that he had heard Itban bin Malik, who was present with Allah's
Apostle (s) in the battle of Badar saying, "I used to lead my people at
Bani Salim in the prayer and there was a valley between me and those people.
Whenever it rained it used to be difficult for me to cross it to go to their
mosque. So I went to Allah's Apostle (s) and said, 'I have weak eye-sight and
the valley between me and my people flows during the rainy season and it
becomes difficult for me to cross it; I wish you would come to my house and
pray at a place so that I could take that place as a praying place.' Allah's
Apostle said, 'I will do so.' So Allah's Apostle (s) and Abu Bakr came to my
house on the (next) morning after the sun had risen high. Allah's Apostle (s)
asked my permission to let him in and I admitted him. He (s) did not sit before
saying, 'Where do you want us to offer the prayer in your house?' I pointed to
the place where I wanted him to pray. So Allah's Apostle (s) stood up for the
prayer and started the prayer with Takbir and we aligned in rows behind him, and he offered two Rakat and finished them with Taslim, and we also performed
Taslim with him. I detained him for a meal called "Khazir" which I
had prepared for him.--("Khazir" is a special type of dish prepared
from barley flour and meat soup)
When
the neighbors got the news that Allah's Apostle (s) was in my house, they poured it
till there were a great number of men in the house. One of them said, 'What is
wrong with Malik, for I do not see him?' One of them replied, 'He is a
hypocrite and does not love Allah and His Apostle.' On that Allah's Apostle
said, 'Don't say this. Haven't you seen that he said, 'None has the right to be
worshipped but Allah for Allah's sake only?' The man replied, 'Allah and
His Apostle know better; but by Allah, we never saw him but helping and talking
with the hypocrites.' Allah's Apostle (s) replied, 'No doubt, whoever says.
None has the right to be worshipped but Allah, and by that, he wants the
pleasures of Allah, then Allah will save him from Hell." Mahmud added,
"I told the above narration to some people, one of whom was Abu Aiyub,
the companion of Allah's Apostle (s) in the battle in which he (Abu Aiyub)
died and Yazid bin Muawiya was their leader in
Roman Territory. Abu Aiyub denounced the narration and said, 'I doubt that
Allah's Apostle (s) ever said what you have said.' I felt that too much, and I
vowed to Allah that if I remained alive in that holy battle, I would (go to
Medina and) ask Itban bin Malik if he was still living in the mosque of his
people. So when he returned, I assumed Ihram for Hajj or 'Umra, and then I
proceeded on till I reached Medina. I went to Bani Salim and Itban bin Malik,
who was by then an old blind man, was leading his people in the prayer. When he
finished the prayer, I greeted him and introduced myself to him, and then asked
him about that narration. He told that narration again in the same manner as he
had narrated it the first time."
Note: In the early period there seems to be no serious issues and strife created between companions after the incident between Yazid Bin Muawiya and Hussain Bin Ali.
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